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    <idAbs>&lt;p&gt;We use real-time data on vessel movements—Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals of vessels—as our primary data source.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Arslanalp, S., Koepke, R., &amp;amp; Verschuur, J. Tracking Trade from Space: An Application to Pacific Island Countries. IMF Working Paper No. 2021/225.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a target='_blank' href='https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Concepts:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chokepoint: &lt;/strong&gt;the&amp;nbsp;full list&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next W01&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next W00&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;, Avenir, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif;'&gt;&amp;nbsp;of chokepoints we cover and associated additional information can be found&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/datasets/fa9a5800b0ee4855af8b2944ab1e07af/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next W01&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next W00&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;, Avenir, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif;'&gt;here&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next W01&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next W00&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;, Avenir, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif;'&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Transit Calls:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;a transit call is defined when a ship transits through the chokepoint boundary. Transits that span across several days are counted only once and a threshold of 48 hours is applied before counting the same ship again.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trade Volume Estimates:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;as&amp;nbsp;described in the paper, we use the vessel information (length, width, draft, capacity, block coefficient) to estimate the payload (or utilization rate) of the vessel when transiting through the chokepoint. The vessel payload (in percentage points) multiplied by the vessel’s deadweight tonnage (the maximum carrying capacity) in metric tons is the resulting trade volume estimate in metric tons carried by the ship.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ship&amp;nbsp;Categories:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;all the indicators are available by 5 main ship categories:&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'&gt;container,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;dry bulk, general cargo, ro-ro and tanker.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Variables:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;date:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;all transit call dates are expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a standard used to set all time zones around the world.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;year: &lt;/strong&gt;as&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;extracted&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;date.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;month: &lt;/strong&gt;month&lt;span style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'&gt;&lt;font style='font-size:15px;'&gt;&amp;nbsp;1-12 extracted from&amp;nbsp;date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;day: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next W01&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next W00&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;, Avenir, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'&gt;ay 1-31 extracted&amp;nbsp;from&amp;nbsp;date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;portid:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;chokepoint id. Full list of chokpoints and associated additional information can be found&amp;nbsp;&lt;a target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/datasets/acc668d199d1472abaaf2467133d4ca4/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;portname:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;chokepoint name.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_container:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;number of&amp;nbsp;container&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_dry_bulk:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;number of&amp;nbsp;dry bulk&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;carriers transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_general_cargo:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;number of&amp;nbsp;general cargo&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_roro:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;number of&amp;nbsp;ro-ro&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_tanker:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;number of tankers transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_cargo:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;total number of&amp;nbsp;ships (excluding tankers) transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;n_container,&amp;nbsp;n_dry_bulk,&amp;nbsp;n_general_cargo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style='font-weight:400;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;n_roro.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;n_total:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;total number of&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;n_container,&amp;nbsp;n_dry_bulk,&amp;nbsp;n_general_cargo,&amp;nbsp;n_roro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;and&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;n_tanker.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_container:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;total trade&amp;nbsp;volume (in metric tons) of all container&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_dry_bulk:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;total trade&amp;nbsp;volume (in metric tons) of all&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style='font-weight:400;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;dry bulk&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style='font-weight:400;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;carriers&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_general_cargo:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;total trade&amp;nbsp;volume (in metric tons) of all general cargo&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_roro:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;total trade&amp;nbsp;volume (in metric tons) of all&amp;nbsp;ro-ro&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_tanker:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;total&amp;nbsp;trade volume (in metric tons) of all&amp;nbsp;tankers transiting through the chokepoint at this date.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_cargo:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;total trade volume (in metric tons) of all&amp;nbsp;ships (excluding tankers) transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_container,&amp;nbsp;capacity_dry_bulk,&amp;nbsp;capacity_general_cargo&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style='font-weight:400;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;capacity_roro.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;total trade&amp;nbsp;volume (in metric tons) of all&amp;nbsp;ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_container,&amp;nbsp;capacity_dry_bulk,&amp;nbsp;capacity_general_cargo&lt;/strong&gt;,&lt;strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;capacity_roro&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style='font-weight:400;'&gt;&lt;strong&gt;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;capacity_tanker.&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;How to Cite?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Avenir Next&amp;quot;; font-size:16px;'&gt;These datasets are based on raw AIS data from the United National Global Platform and estimates by the PortWatch team based on the methodology described in the paper. The recommended citation is:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;“Sources: UN Global Platform; IMF PortWatch (&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a style='background-color:transparent; box-sizing:border-box;' target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;&lt;i&gt;portwatch.imf.org&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;).”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;About AIS Data&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The UN has made available satellite-based AIS data through the UN Global Platform (UNGP) to national and international agencies that are members to the UN-CEBD (UN, 2021). The platform contains live data and global archive data from December 1,&amp;nbsp; 2018.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;AIS data at the UNGP are provided by Spire, which collects AIS messages from two different satellite constellations, with more than 65 AIS equipped satellites. Spire complements this information with data collected by FleetMon through terrestrial receivers.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;There are several challenges with using AIS data.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The AIS was originally developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2004 as an outcome of amendments to the International Convention SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) in 2002. It is a self-reporting system, which allows vessels to periodically broadcast their identity, navigation, position data and other characteristics. The AIS has been made compulsory for all international commercial ships with gross tonnage of 300 or more tons (i.e., virtually all commercial ships) and all passenger ships regardless of size. There are three main types of information in AIS messages. AIS broadcasts voyage-related information (including ship location, speed, course, heading, rate of turn, destination, draft, and estimated arrival time), static information (including ship ID, ship type, ship size and dimensions), and dynamic information. Dynamic information such as the positional aspects (latitude and longitude) is automatically transmitted, depending on the vessels’ speed and course. The signals can be picked up by satellite or terrestrial receivers. For ships in open seas, however, the signals can only be picked up by satellite receivers as terrestrial receivers typically cover only about 15–20 nautical miles from the coast. For island states, satellite data tend to be much more reliable as the coverage of terrestrial receivers can be low (or nonexistent) for these smaller countries. Terrestrial receivers are useful for congested ports where congestion may make it difficult for satellites to capture all emitted messages. Additional information on AIS data can be found in Arslanalp et al. (2019), Verschuur et al. (2020), and the UN’s AIS Handbook.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Arslanalp, S., Koepke, R., &amp;amp; Verschuur, J. Tracking Trade from Space: An Application to Pacific Island Countries. IMF Working Paper No. 2021/225.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a target='_blank' href='https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;AIS Handbook&amp;nbsp;&lt;a target='_blank' href='https://unstats.un.org/wiki/display/AIS/AIS+Handbook' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'&gt;https://unstats.un.org/wiki/display/AIS/AIS+Handbook&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</idAbs><resConst><Consts><useLimit>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style='font-family:&amp;quot;Avenir Next W01&amp;quot;, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'&gt;https://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</useLimit></Consts></resConst><idPurp>Daily transit calls and estimates of transit trade volumes (in metric tons) for 28 chokepoints around the world.</idPurp></dataIdInfo>
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