{"id" : "3da2b9ca97684916b75c4013f95d18ab", 
  "name" : "", 
  "owner" : "IMF-portwatch_imf_dataviz", 
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  "title" : "Daily_Chokepoints_Data", 
  "type" : "Feature Service", 
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  "description" : "\u003cp\u003eWe use real-time data on vessel movements—Automatic Identification System (AIS) signals of vessels—as our primary data source. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eArslanalp, S., Koepke, R., & Verschuur, J. Tracking Trade from Space: An Application to Pacific Island Countries. IMF Working Paper No. 2021/225. \u003ca target='_blank' href='https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003ehttps://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345\u003c/a\u003e \u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConcepts:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChokepoint: \u003c/strong\u003ethe full list\u003cspan style='font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;'\u003e of chokepoints we cover and associated additional information can be found \u003c/span\u003e\u003ca target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/datasets/fa9a5800b0ee4855af8b2944ab1e07af/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;'\u003ehere\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif;'\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransit Calls: \u003c/strong\u003ea transit call is defined when a ship transits through the chokepoint boundary. Transits that span across several days are counted only once and a threshold of 48 hours is applied before counting the same ship again.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrade Volume Estimates: \u003c/strong\u003eas described in the paper, we use the vessel information (length, width, draft, capacity, block coefficient) to estimate the payload (or utilization rate) of the vessel when transiting through the chokepoint. The vessel payload (in percentage points) multiplied by the vessel’s deadweight tonnage (the maximum carrying capacity) in metric tons is the resulting trade volume estimate in metric tons carried by the ship. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShip Categories: \u003c/strong\u003eall the indicators are available by 5 main ship categories: \u003cspan style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'\u003econtainer, \u003c/span\u003edry bulk, general cargo, ro-ro and tanker. \u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edate: \u003c/strong\u003eall transit call dates are expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), a standard used to set all time zones around the world.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eyear: \u003c/strong\u003eas\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eextracted from date.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emonth: \u003c/strong\u003emonth\u003cspan style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'\u003e\u003cfont style='font-size:15px;'\u003e 1-12 extracted from date. \u003c/font\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eday: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'\u003ed\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:Avenir Next W01, Avenir Next W00, Avenir Next, Avenir, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif; font-size:16px;'\u003eay 1-31 extracted from date. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eportid:\u003c/strong\u003e chokepoint id. Full list of chokpoints and associated additional information can be found \u003ca target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/datasets/acc668d199d1472abaaf2467133d4ca4/about' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eportname:\u003c/strong\u003e chokepoint name. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_container:\u003c/strong\u003e number of container\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_dry_bulk:\u003c/strong\u003e number of dry bulk\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003ecarriers transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_general_cargo:\u003c/strong\u003e number of general cargo ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_roro:\u003c/strong\u003e number of ro-ro ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_tanker:\u003c/strong\u003e number of tankers transiting through the chokepoint at this date.  \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_cargo: \u003c/strong\u003etotal number of ships (excluding tankers) transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of \u003cstrong\u003en_container, n_dry_bulk, n_general_cargo \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-weight:400;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e n_roro.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en_total:\u003c/strong\u003e total number of ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of \u003cstrong\u003en_container, n_dry_bulk, n_general_cargo, n_roro \u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e n_tanker.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_container:\u003c/strong\u003e total trade volume (in metric tons) of all container\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_dry_bulk: \u003c/strong\u003etotal trade volume (in metric tons) of all \u003cspan style='font-weight:400;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edry bulk\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-weight:400;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecarriers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_general_cargo: \u003c/strong\u003etotal trade volume (in metric tons) of all general cargo ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_roro: \u003c/strong\u003etotal trade volume (in metric tons) of all ro-ro ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date.  \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_tanker: \u003c/strong\u003etotal trade volume (in metric tons) of all tankers transiting through the chokepoint at this date.   \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_cargo:\u003c/strong\u003e total trade volume (in metric tons) of all ships (excluding tankers) transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of \u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_container, capacity_dry_bulk, capacity_general_cargo \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-weight:400;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eand\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e capacity_roro.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity:\u003c/strong\u003e total trade volume (in metric tons) of all ships transiting through the chokepoint at this date. This is the sum of \u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_container, capacity_dry_bulk, capacity_general_cargo\u003c/strong\u003e,\u003cstrong\u003e capacity_roro \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-weight:400;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eand \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecapacity_tanker.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHow to Cite?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:"Avenir Next", "Avenir Next"; font-size:16px;'\u003eThese datasets are based on raw AIS data from the United National Global Platform and estimates by the PortWatch team based on the methodology described in the paper. The recommended citation is: \u003c/span\u003e\u003ci\u003e“Sources: UN Global Platform; IMF PortWatch (\u003c/i\u003e\u003ca style='background-color:transparent; box-sizing:border-box;' target='_blank' href='https://portwatch.imf.org/' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003e\u003ci\u003eportwatch.imf.org\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ci\u003e).”\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout AIS Data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe UN has made available satellite-based AIS data through the UN Global Platform (UNGP) to national and international agencies that are members to the UN-CEBD (UN, 2021). The platform contains live data and global archive data from December 1,  2018. \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eAIS data at the UNGP are provided by Spire, which collects AIS messages from two different satellite constellations, with more than 65 AIS equipped satellites. Spire complements this information with data collected by FleetMon through terrestrial receivers. \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThere are several challenges with using AIS data. \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003eThe AIS was originally developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in 2004 as an outcome of amendments to the International Convention SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) in 2002. It is a self-reporting system, which allows vessels to periodically broadcast their identity, navigation, position data and other characteristics. The AIS has been made compulsory for all international commercial ships with gross tonnage of 300 or more tons (i.e., virtually all commercial ships) and all passenger ships regardless of size. There are three main types of information in AIS messages. AIS broadcasts voyage-related information (including ship location, speed, course, heading, rate of turn, destination, draft, and estimated arrival time), static information (including ship ID, ship type, ship size and dimensions), and dynamic information. Dynamic information such as the positional aspects (latitude and longitude) is automatically transmitted, depending on the vessels’ speed and course. The signals can be picked up by satellite or terrestrial receivers. For ships in open seas, however, the signals can only be picked up by satellite receivers as terrestrial receivers typically cover only about 15–20 nautical miles from the coast. For island states, satellite data tend to be much more reliable as the coverage of terrestrial receivers can be low (or nonexistent) for these smaller countries. Terrestrial receivers are useful for congested ports where congestion may make it difficult for satellites to capture all emitted messages. Additional information on AIS data can be found in Arslanalp et al. (2019), Verschuur et al. (2020), and the UN’s AIS Handbook.\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eArslanalp, S., Koepke, R., & Verschuur, J. Tracking Trade from Space: An Application to Pacific Island Countries. IMF Working Paper No. 2021/225. \u003ca target='_blank' href='https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003ehttps://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2021/08/20/Tracking-Trade-from-Space-An-Application-to-Pacific-Island-Countries-464345\u003c/a\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e \u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eAIS Handbook \u003ca target='_blank' href='https://unstats.un.org/wiki/display/AIS/AIS+Handbook' rel='nofollow ugc noopener noreferrer'\u003ehttps://unstats.un.org/wiki/display/AIS/AIS+Handbook\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/div\u003e", 
  "snippet" : "Daily transit calls and estimates of transit trade volumes (in metric tons) for 28 chokepoints around the world.", 
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